SUMMARIZED ARTICLE Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summed up - Article Example The president advised the media that he would not preclude US activity in Iraqi against the Sunni Islamic local army bunch who have spread out towards Baghdad and are taking steps to separate the nation and build up their own jihadist country (Moon1). The stock market’s misfortunes quickened quickly following president Obama’s remarks, with businesses and shopper optional divisions fronting the decay. The VIX, Wall Street dread meter, extended to eight point three percent to end at 12.56% (Moon1). The Dow Jones Industrial mean dropped 109.69 focuses or 0.65%, to end at 16,734.19. The S&P 500 tumbled 13.78 focuses or 0.71% to 1,930.11 (Moon1). The Nasdaq composite slid 34.30 focuses or 0.79 percent to 4,297.63. The Dow arrived at an intraday low at 16,703.73 while the S&P and the Nasdaq tumbled to a meeting low at 1,925.78 and 4,284.528 separately. Retail deals, in macroeconomic news, rose 0.3 percent in May, and practically a large portion of the development rate that market analysts had anticipated. American’s new cases for joblessness awards rose out of the blue in the earlier week (Moon1). Regardless of both financial pointers being underneath desires, nor was viewed as sufficiently frail to change the assessment of bettering monetary states and the market’s ongoing upswing is as yet thought to be unblemished. Vitality shares positioned among one of the ongoing not many gainers. The S&P vitality area record rose 0.3%. Oil costs hit nine-month highs on worries that strengthened brutality in Iraq could meddle with oil supplies from the key OPEC exporter (Moon1). Significant US Airlines’ shares dropped for the second day continuously as oil costs expanded. American Airline Group Inc, the world’s biggest transporter, slid 4.9 percent to $40.2 while United Continental Holdings Inc slid 5.9 percent to $42.60 (Moon1). One of Nasdaq’s most dynamic stocks, Geron Corporation, flooded 21.2

Analyzing the American Revolution and the American Civil War Research Paper

Breaking down the American Revolution and the American Civil War - Research Paper Example Regardless, after the war, the new state had run its self in gigantic obligations (Middlekauff 96) because of the advances it had taken so as to battle the war. The Revolution was very indispensable from a social perspective too. It demonstrated to the world that the solid and amazing military of England were exposed. It consented to an arrangement with France and a great deal of different nations. It would moreover be the base of America's partnership with Britain. The American unrest was not just war. It was because of this war America picked up its autonomy. After the Civil war, America experienced a ton of changes. The change which the Civil War brought has permanently affected the quality of America. It has transformed the nation into a superpower. The Civil War enormously influenced the country. President Lincoln had asserted that he was not going to meddle with subjugation anyway the south had no certified option to pull back from the Union. So dark experts proceeded to possess slaves in any event, when the association armed force was planning to attack South Carolina in 1864 (Koger 85). South Carolina was the principal state to pull back however different states before long followed, Lincoln realized that he would need to assume control over this issue and sanctioned his capacity as both the Commander in Chief and the Chief Executive. In Document A South Carolina felt diversely about this issue. They felt that there is nothing written in the Constitution that says that can't withdraw and on the grounds that the individuals were miserable they had the right, as a sovereign state, to withdraw. The southern states withdrawing was the initial move towards the requirement for remaking. Not for the equivalent rights basically, however for the unlawful subjection that was occurring.â

Biography of John Lee Love, Black Inventor

History of John Lee Love, Black Inventor John Lee Love (Sept. 26, 1889?â€Dec. 26, 1931) was a dark creator who built up the versatile pencil sharpener, which he licensed in 1897. Not much is thought about his life, yet he is associated with two developments, the other being a plasterers sell, which works a lot of like a specialists palette for a plasterer or bricklayer. In the pantheon of African-American designers, Love is associated with conceiving little things to make life simpler. Quick Facts: John Lee Love Known For: Inventor of the Love pencil sharpenerBorn: Sept. 26, 1889? in Fall River, MassachusettsDied: Dec. 26, 1931 Charlotte, North Carolina Early Life John Lee Love is accepted to have been conceived on Sept. 26, 1889, however another record records his introduction to the world year as at some point somewhere in the range of 1865 and 1877 during Reconstruction, which would have placed his place of birth in the South. Very little else is thought about Loves early days, including whether he had any conventional tutoring or what incited him to tinker with and improve certain regular articles. We do realize that he worked nearly as long as he can remember as a woodworker in Fall River, Massachusetts and that he licensed his first creation, an improved plasterers peddle, on July 9, 1895 (U.S. Patent No. 542,419). First Invention The plasterers sell generally had been a level, square wooden board, around 9 inches in length on each side, with a handle-essentially, a post-like grasp that is opposite to the board and joined to its base. By putting the mortar, mortar, or, later, plaster on the board, the plasterer or bricklayer could get to it rapidly and effectively with the device being utilized to apply it. The new plan worked a lot of like a specialists palette. As a craftsman, Love was likely very much familiar with the utilization of mortar and mortar. He accepted that the birds of prey being used at the time were too cumbersome to ever be compact. His development was to plan a bird of prey with a separable handle and a foldable board made of aluminum, which probably been significantly simpler to clean than wood. Compact Pencil Sharpener Another of Loves innovations, and one preferable known over the plasterers sell, had an a lot more extensive effect. It was the straightforward, convenient pencil sharpener, the ancestor of the little plastic gadget that has been utilized by schoolchildren, instructors, understudies, architects, bookkeepers, and specialists the world over. Preceding the innovation of the pencil sharpener, a blade was the most well-known instrument used to hone pencils, which have been around in some structure since Roman occasions (in spite of the fact that pencils werent mass-created in a structure natural to us until 1662 in Nuremberg, Germany). Be that as it may, shaving a point on a pencil was a tedious procedure, and pencils were turning out to be increasingly well known. The arrangement before long hit the market as the universes first mechanical pencil sharpener, designed by Parisian mathematician Bernard Lassimoneâ on Oct. 20, 1828 (French patent number 2444). Cherishes improving of Lassimones gadget appears to be natural now, however it was progressive at that point. Essentially, the new model was convenient and incorporated a compartment to catch the shavings. The Massachusetts carpenterâ applied for a patent for what he called his improved deviceâ in 1897, and it was approvedâ on Nov. 23, 1897 (U.S. Patent No. 594,114). His plan didnt look a lot of like todays versatile sharpeners, however it worked by a comparable standard. The pencil was embedded into a conelike sheath and was moved around, making the sheath and the cutting edge inside it pivot around the pencil, honing it. Rather than turning the pencil against the cutting edge, likewise with todays compact sharpeners, the edge was betrayed the pencil by the roundabout movement. Love wrote in his patent application that his sharpener couldâ also be structured in an increasingly elaborate manner to be utilized as a work area trimming or paperweight. It in the end got known as the Love Sharpener, and his rule has been in constant use since he presented it. Inheritance We dont know what number of more developments Love could have given the world. Loveâ died, alongside nine different travelers, on Dec. 26, 1931,â when the vehicle they were riding in crashed into a train close to Charlotte, North Carolina. In any case, his thoughts left the world an increasingly productive spot. Sources John Lee Love Biography: Inventor. Biography.com.John Lee Love: Inventor of the Portable Pencil Sharpener. KentagePage.com.Pencil Patents: John Lee Love’s Portable Pencil Sharpener. Pencils.com.

Lord Henry Is the Root of Dorian Grays Corruption - Free Essay Example

In the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, written by Oscar Wilde, the main character Dorian Gray is corrupted by his acquaintance Lord Henry, who ultimately leads to Dorians demise. Throughout the story Lord Henry fills Dorians head with all types of immoral thoughts and lies. Lord Henrys flawed philosophical theories alter his mind and eventually lead Dorian down the wrong path. As a result of this, Dorian ends up murdering his dear friend Basil Hallward, after he confronts Dorian. Later on, Dorian then commits suicide. Dorians suicide was indeed influenced by no one other than Lord Henry, for he is to blame for poisoning Dorians pure mind. When Lord Henry and Dorian Gray first meet it is almost premeditated that their friendship would lead to Dorians demise. Just before Basil Hallward introduces Lord Henry to Dorian, Basil expresses to him that Dorian Gray is my dearest friend, he said He has a simple and a beautiful nature Dont spoil him (Wilde 15). Basil knew Lord Henry would indeed be toxic to Dorians nature, which is why he proceeded to keep the two apart. Basil explicitly states, Dont try to influence him. Your influence would be bad because of prior knowledge of what Lord Henry is capable of doing to Dorians mind (Wilde 15). Lord Henrys philosophy is obviously flawed if Basil questions Dorian even being able to meet him. Additionally, when Basil finally introduces the two, Basil is described as, looking worried, and when he heard Lord Henrys last remark, he glanced at him, hesitated for a moment, and then said, Harry, I want to finish this picture to-day.Would you think it awfully rude of me if I asked you to go away? (Wilde 17). It is evident that Basil is trying to protect Dorian from Lord Henrys corruption for the simple fact that he is deliberately going out of his way to isolated from each other. Lord Henry patently has the power to alter Dorians mind into something evil since basil is extremely concerned from the beginning. Additionally, Lord Henry knows the potential his influence holds. He says himself, There is no such thing as a good influence, Mr. Gray. All influence is immoral (Wilde 18). Lord Henry admits that all influence is corrupt in this line. He furthers his philosophy stating to influence a person is to give ones own soul. He does not think his natural thoughts, or burn with his natural passions which proves that he is very much aware of what he is doing (Wilde 18). Lord Henry continues on to mention that the person who is receiving influence is no longer themselves. According to Lord Henry they transform into an echo of someone elses music, an actor of a part that has not been written for him (Wilde 18). By Lord Henry expressing these thoughts it is conspicuous that he would have to believe these statements true of himself. A major component in Lord Henrys philosophy that is has the greatest impact on Dorian is the belief that beauty is what is important. Dorian is a very handsome young man, who was an orphan, meaning he didnt receive much guidance during his childhood. This makes him more vulnerable to being persuaded by Lord Henrys flawed philosophy. Whatever Lord Henry feeds to Dorian, he believes. For instance, Dorian and Lord Henry are in Basils garden and Lord Henry suggests, Some day, when you are old and wrinkled and ugly, when thought has seared your forehead with its lines, and passion branded your lips with its hideous fires, you will feel it terribly. Now, wherever you go, you charm the world.. (Wilde 22). He basically says that Dorians life will be worthless once his youth is gone. His live will become stagnant and wont have any meaning that once Dorian is old and no longer beautiful. By Lord Henry planting this in Dorians head, it shapes the way he lives for the rest of his life. When Dorian comes to the realization that he will not be young, beautiful, and charming forever, it is hard for him to swallow. The thought of not having his good looks to rely on causes him uneasiness. As he ponders growing old, a sharp pang of pain struck through him like a knife and made each delicate fibre of his nature quiver which exemplifies him not being able to handle the fact that his beauty will run out (Wilde 25).. By Lord Henry convincing him that his beauty is all he has to offer in the world, his life then begins to spiral out if control. In addition, Dorian gains feelings for an actress named Sibyl Vane and when he invites Lord Henry to her show, Lord Henry says to Dorian that she isnt that good of an actress. Dorian becomes upset and treats Sibyl poorly and she eventually commits suicide. Once again Dorian is manipulated by Lord Henry. Furthermore, around the town it is rumored that Dorian is corrupting younger boys and one of them even commits suicide as well. As Do rian continues down his path of destruction, he ends up murdering the only person who generally cared for him, which was Basil. Basil had his best intentions for Dorian unlike Lord Henry. Lord Henry ruined Dorian and altered his mind into doing evil things. Conclusively, Lord Henry is at fault for Dorian being immoral. He originally exposed Dorian to his sin filled philosophy. He knew Dorian seeked leadership and he took advantage of that. Instead of giving him positive reinforcement and good advice such like Basil. Which is why he is responsible for Dorians negative acts. Had the two ever met, Dorian would have never murdered Basil. At the end of the day, the blame should not be placed on anyone other than Lord Henry. References: Wilde, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wilde. Ye Olde Paris Booke-Shoppe, 1913.

Carpenter Bees and How to Get Rid of Them

Carpenter bees can be a real nuisance. They resemble large bumblebees and can be found buzzing around dwellings and other structures where they like to build their nests. Every year, they cause millions of dollars in  damage to dwellings by tunneling into decks, porches, and other wood structures. They can also be aggressive, especially during mating season, and will fly very close to human beings and even bump into them. Fortunately, they rarely if ever sting people and their nests can be removed. Carpenter Bee Basics There are several species of carpenter bee in the United States, but the most common one is the Virginia carpenter bee (Xylocopa virginica). These bugs are found throughout the Southeast but range as far as Connecticut to the north and Texas in the west. Carpenter bees range in size from about 5/8 of an inch to 1 inch and look very similar to bumblebees, but theyre not the same.   Bumblebees (genus Bombus) nest in the ground, usually in abandoned rodent nests, and live in social communities. Carpenter bees (genus Xylocopa) are solitary bees that burrow into wood. You can differentiate the two by examining the dorsal (upper) side of the abdomen. If its shiny and hairless, its a carpenter bee. A bumblebee, by contrast, has a hairy abdomen. Both are considered beneficial insects because they are  excellent plant  pollinators. Therefore, you should avoid eliminating these insects unless absolutely necessary. Carpenter bees usually live for about one year. Each new generation is hatched in the late summer, emerging from nests in August and September to grow and feed, pollinating flowers as they go  before  settling in for the winter and hibernating. Survivors emerge in April and May to mate. The female carpenter bee excavates a tunnel for her offspring. In each brood chamber, she stores food and lays an egg. Having reproduced, adult carpenter bees die off in July, leaving the new generation to continue the cycle when they emerge a month or so later. Most people encounter carpenter bees during April and May when theyve just emerged to mate. During this time, male carpenter bees tend to hover around nest openings, looking for receptive females. It can be rather unnerving being around them, as the males will also hover aggressively around people who approach the nests. They may even fly right into you. Despite this tough act, male carpenter bees cannot sting. Female carpenter bees can sting, but almost never do. How to Identify Nests If you see a bee emerging from a hole in the ground or within a structure, thats a good indication that youre looking at a carpenter bee nest. To be certain,  look at the entrance holes. A carpenter bee makes an entrance hole slightly bigger than her body, or just about  ½ inch in diameter. The first inch or two of the tunnel is usually made against the wood grain. The bee will then make a right turn and extend the tunnel another 4 to 6 inches in the direction of the wood grain. Carpenter bees will often eliminate their waste before entering their nest, so you might see yellow stains on the surface of the wood, just below the entrance hole. Stavros Markopoulos / Getty Images Though they burrow into wood, carpenter bees dont eat wood like termites do. Since their nest tunnels are limited in size, they rarely do serious structural damage. However, because such excavation requires a lot of energy on her part, a female carpenter bee will often prefer to refurbish an old tunnel to digging a new one. If carpenter bees are allowed to tunnel in the same structure year after year, however, the cumulative damage can be significant.   How to Control Carpenter Bees Your best defense is a good offense. Carpenter bees prefer to excavate untreated, unfinished wood. You can prevent carpenter bees from nesting in the first place by painting or varnishing your homes exterior. If an infestation has occurred, you will need to use an insecticide to eliminate the carpenter bees. Many professionals recommend sprays or dust, which can reach the interior surface of the entrance holes. Apply the pesticide at dusk, when carpenter bees are less active.   For the insecticide to work, the bees much come in contact with it as they crawl through the entrance hole of the nest. Apply the appropriate insecticidal dust in the spring, just before adults emerge to mate. Once you see the bees emerge, wait a few days before filling in the nest holes with wood putty or filler. If you didnt apply the insecticide before the spring adults emerged, you will need to treat the nests in the spring, and again in late summer, when the next generation of adults is foraging. In the fall, seal the nest holes with steel wool, then close off the hole with putty, wood filler, fiberglass, or asphalt.   A professional pest control service is your best choice, especially if you have a large infestation because theyll have specialized tools that can reach deep into crevices. However, if you want to do it yourself, any name-brand insecticide formulated to kill flying insects should work. If youd prefer to use a natural remedy, there are several, including boric acid,  Diatomaceous earth, and citrus spray. You can also contact  your local extension office  to find out which insecticides are effective and legal for use on carpenter bees in your area. Sources Bamabara, Stephen and  Waldvogel, Michael. Residential, Structural, and Community Pests. North Carolina State University. July 2009.Houseman, Richard. Carpenter Bees. The University of Missouri Extension.  Jacobs Sr., Steve. Carpenter Bees. Pennsylvania State University. January 2014UC Davis staff. Carpenter Bees Management Guidelines. The University of California. June 2014.13 Home Remedies to Get Rid of Carpenter Bees. HomeRemedyHacks.com. 27 January 2015.

The Rational Decision Making Model - 766 Words

Most of us have to make decisions from the time we wake up until the time we go to bed at night. Answering questions like what should I eat for breakfast, can I make that yellow light and should I go to the gym or go out for pizza all require us to make a choice or a decision (Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A., 2009). At work I am challenged with collaborating with managers and other leaders to make decisions based on scenarios and events that occur in the hospital. The challenge when working with others to make a decision is that we all have our own methods of coming to a conclusion. The rational decision-making model is comprehensive in the fact that it requires the decision maker to define the problem, identify criteria for making the decision, weight the criteria, develop alternatives, evaluate alternatives and finally select the best alternative (Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A. 2009). The challenge with utilizing this method is the fact that most of the time in real world situations, fa cts are either limited or missed, time compression causes an oversight on all potential alternatives and people tend to choose the easier route to make decisions (Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A., 2009). Intuition is a powerful tool, however it can also lead to quick and potentially bad decisions (Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A., 2009). I can recall a conversation with a leader about an employee that made an error administering a medication. The manager had not spoken with the employee orShow MoreRelatedRational Decision Making Model1679 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract What is a decision? The word decision can be defined as, the act of reaching a conclusion or making up ones mind (American Heritage, 2000). Essentially, a decision is a choice that an individual or a group of people makes. A decision can be a single action, an entire process, or even just a single spoken word or gesture. Decision-making is one of the defining characteristics of leadership. Making decisions is what managers and leaders are paid to do, and is an integral part of theirRead MoreThe Rational Decision Making Model1066 Words   |  5 Pageswe do the most. All of these things, both small and large require a process that is commonly referred to as the decision making process. Decisions make up every aspect of our daily lives that is remotely imaginable. One of the most common decision making model is called the, rational decision making model. The first step in the model is to construe the problem or the actual decision to be made. Then, you will identify the information needed for the process to go forth. After that, you will weighRead MoreRational Model Of Decision Making1287 Words   |  6 Pagescompany and will be understood by every employee. The first step within the rational model of decision making is to identify the problem or opportunity at hand. This can be anywhere from customer compliments to turnover of staff or mergers that can take place to hiring a new top executive. This stage is all about making improvements and diagnosing them in the proper way. The second step within the rational model of decision making it to think up alternative solutions. This can be either obvious or creativeRead MoreRational Model Of Decision Making1036 Words   |  5 Pagesand/or how would you apply these to your workplace? Tools for decision making is interesting topic to me. I used probability theory some time using actual values. Often everyone use the probability concept based on the previous experience and knowledge. This the first time came across decision making software. I searched internet about decision making software. Those program leads the user through the steps of the formal decision making process. These days I am looking for Laboratory Management SoftwareRead MoreThe Rational Decision Making Model Essay1796 Words   |  8 Pagesrecommendations of the report. The rational decision making model is utilized to make the best decision possible. â€Å"The rational decision making model is the best-known prescriptive model; the model involves several sequential steps: identifying the problem, determining the goals and objectives, identifying and evaluating alternative policies, choosing from the alternatives, recommending actions, implementation, and evaluation (Smith, 2014).† The use of this model is justified as it provides structureRead More Rational Decision Making Model Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesRational Decision Making Model Abstract What is a decision? The word decision can be defined as, â€Å"the act of reaching a conclusion or making up ones mind† (American Heritage, 2000). Essentially, a decision is a choice that an individual or a group of people makes. A decision can be a single action, an entire process, or even just a single spoken word or gesture. Decision-making is one of the defining characteristics of leadership. Making decisions is what managers and leaders are paid toRead MoreDecision Making : The Rational Planning Model969 Words   |  4 PagesThe process of decision-making, and the models used during this process, has long been a focus in the field of Urban Planning. Part of this focus has been a discussion regarding which decision-making model is best suited for this profession. One often employed but highly controversial model for decision-making found in this field is the rational planning model. This model, which was first adopted by planners in the 1950’s and 1960’s, fo cuses on addressing the problems of cities and their inhabitantsRead MoreRational Decision Making Model Of An Intuitive Model941 Words   |  4 PagesI would use rational decision-making model to assist Catherine in her decision-making. First of all, because a rational decision model provides structure and discipline to the decision making process. In contrast an intuitive model is basically making decisions based on feelings. Catherine cannot afford to make a decision just based on feeling because at this stage in her life, she wants to make a decision that is going to be logical and based on facts. Therefore, Catherine will have full and perfectRead MoreThe Rational Model of Policy Decision Making2813 Words   |  12 PagesLefoko O. Molebatsi (2001) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Public Policy and Policy Analysis: The Rational Model Question: The rational model of public policy making, though h eavily criticized, is the most widely used and or talked about model. Discuss why. By Lefoko O. Molebatsi (University of Botswana) Instructor: Prof G. S Maipose 2001 1 Selected Essays by Lefoko O. Molebatsi (2001) -----------------------------Read MoreThe Rational Model of Policy Decision Making2827 Words   |  12 PagesLefoko O. Molebatsi (2001) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Public Policy and Policy Analysis: The Rational Model Question: The rational model of public policy making, though heavily criticized, is the most widely used and or talked about model. Discuss why. By Lefoko O. Molebatsi (University of Botswana) Instructor: Prof G. S Maipose 2001 1 Selected Essays by Lefoko O. Molebatsi (2001) -------------------------

Understand Children and Young Peoples Self Directed Play free essay sample

Freely chosen, self directed play. Refer back to assignment 1. The play cycle A play cycle begins in the pre conscious thoughts of the child, it is at the point of daydream where the playful impulse is created and given out as the play cue. Once this cue is taken up by a responding partner the play cycle begins. The metalude signals the start of the play process and while it supports a single play thought in the Childs consciousness it can change in seconds to become another playful thoughts or an extended version of its original self. The play cue can be given out in many ways, facial expressions, eyes contact, body language or simply through using materials I. e. a ball or a colouring pencil. Looking back through my reflective diary I noticed a very clear cue I had received, it was very clear and understandable a child simply kicked a ball in my direction and gave me clear eye contact so naturally I kicked it back in seconds we were a having a football match and within minutes other children were coming over to join so I stepped back and facilitated. The play cue is followed by the play return example; kicking the ball back. which can come from another person, the environment or from the child playing. Then comes the Play frame, the process or space that is created by cues and returns. Its a boundary that keeps the play intact. It begins with the childs play drive and includes all that allows play to continue. It may be as big as a football pitch or as small as a chessboard and the two people playing. As a play worker you can be inside or outside of the frame depending on the level of the play workers involvement.Play Cycle, the full flow of play from the first play cue to the return and the further development of play- with more cues and returns until the play is complete. Play Annihilation: The end of the play frame. Children take what they want from the activity and then it is finished. A play worker can cause play annihilation if they intervene inappropriately in childrens play. In my setting when it is tea time we have 5 minutes which means they finish what they are doing and then wash hands ready for tea, this way play annihilation is not done by the play worker and children can finish play how they want to.Play space A child’s play space is any area that supports and enriches the potential for children and young people in self directed play. Children and young people should have a variety of play spaces which stimulate them in different ways e. g. : an outdoor play space for physical stimulation and to encourage a healthy active lifestyle, story corner for cognitive stimulation, it has been proven that stories and rhymes help to improve memory and concentration skills.Books and rhymes also help to develop children’s imaginations, but more importantly stories can help children understand and discuss their own feelings which could otherwise be left unheard. All play spaces should be welcoming and varied with different resources, with sufficient quantities so that children and young people do not have to wait to participate and have opportunities for social interaction with both children and play workers . My setting has a variety of play spaces associable to all children and young people for all different needs.All children have the choice to help us to create new play new spaces of to freely choose there own play space which they will do naturally. All resources are accessible for all children and young people which enables all children play to continue un interrupted giving them freedom of more choice and to explore there own chosen activities in there own way and time. Loose parts The theory of loose parts over the last 40 years become increasingly known and used by play workers and play space designers. It was first suggested in 1971 by an architect called Simon Nicholson.He believed that loose parts in our environment empowere d our creativity. According to the Oxfordshire play association loose parts are items and materials that children and young people can move, adapt, control and manipulate within their play. Loose parts provide a high level of creativity and choice as there are endless possibilities for how they can be played with. In my setting yesterday the children used loose parts such as cardboard boxes, bottle tops and shiny paper to make a robot, the robot then became a bus and later a child’s hideout.Simon Nichols theory of loose parts argues that creativity is not for the gifted, he believes that it is our education and cultural conditions that lead us to believe this . He said that ‘in any environment, both the degree of inventiveness and creativity and the possibility of discovery are directly proportional to the number of loose parts and kind of variables in it. ’ You do not have to be a gifted musician to make music, the children and young people at my setting often make there own musi c, with pots, pans and trays or even banging small sticks on surface areas. Play preferences. Preference for outdoor play. Child A plays mostly outdoors as he believes it is more fun, and loves to investigate the surroundings. The choice of indoor play is often related to the weather, child A only plays inside when its cold or raining. It is only in severe weather conditions children have to stay in doors as in our setting we believe the children can learn and develop much more outside even when the weather is poor. Play preferences are the child’s own choices ; the freedom ; opportunities to be able to make those choices by enabling varied resources that are always accessible to encourage development.Different play types 10 examples Symbolic play: Play which allows control, gradual exploration and increased understanding, without the risk of being out of ones depths. In our setting I observed a child making a doll feed another doll. Rough and tumble play: Close encounter play which is less to do with fighting and more to do with touching, tickling, gauging relative strength, discovering physical flexibility and the exhilarations of display. For example, a lot of the boys at my setting like to play fight, I feel this is natural so I set there boundaries and just facilitate until the risks go to ar. Socio-dramatic play: The enactment of real and potential experiences of an intense personal nature. For example child may pretend to take care of their baby doll as this is what they see there parents do with younger siblings, through pretend play, a child can experience and learn what it may mean to love and care for someone else. Social play: Play during with the rules and criteria for social engagement and interaction can be revealed, explored and amended.Looking through my reflective diary a good example for social play would be when two children at my setting were setting up a ‘pretend’ shop selling toys and books to other children the ‘customers’ . Creative play: Play which allows a new response, the transformation awareness of new connections with an element of surprise. Creative play can be many things, not just arts crafts. I observed a child building Lego brinks, when he had finished he told me it was the Eiffel tower in France, I think is a lovely example of creative play as I thought the tower could have been anything but he new exactly what and where it was.Communication play: Play using words, nuances of gestures. For example joke telling, story telling, play acting, singing. Role play: Play which dramatises events in which the child is not a direct participator. In reflective practice I saw a child sitting in a box using an imaginary steering wheel ,he told me he was â€Å"driving to spaceâ€Å". Role play doesn’t even have to have props it can be completely imaginative with or without play equipment. Exploration play: Play to access factual information consisting of manipulative behaviours such as handling, throwing, banging, or mouthing objects.For example playing with, sand, bricks, water clay, play dough. Dramatic play: Play which rearranges the world in the child’s way, a way in which is unlikely to occur. At the moment every day at tidy up time the children ask if they can play factor, most of the children love to be one of the contestants, they all make me and other staff be judges, but there is always one particular child who wants to be Dermot O’Leary the TV show presenter. Fantasy play: Play where the conventional rules, which govern the physical world, do not apply.For a good example I read in one of my reflective diary a couple of months ago a child asked me for a role of tin foil I, asked him what for, he replied I want to be an astronaut, I gave him the role of tin foil and he spent the whole session making his costume. When his dad came to collect him , he put the costume on and was running around so proud of what he had made. How you encourage risk and challenge, its importance and the awareness of balancing health and safety, give examples of risks within 5 of your different play types.Refer to risk and challenge sheet 310. 3. Observation and reflection, how you do this and its importance. Part of a play workers role is to observe all children on a daily basis, This observation involves the gathering of information about a particular child behaviour and their stage of development. Reflections is the process of thinking about and critically analyzing your actions with the intention of changing and continually improving our working environment.It is vital that these observations and reflections are done in order to understand and meet each child’s individual needs, and to identify which areas of development a child is particularly good at. Frequent observations also help me to under stand a child’s behaviour and what provokes the child’s bad behaviour. Observations also help to plan for future sessions, as it gives the play worker an idea of what the child is interested in, or good at. E. g. t my setting child 2 was enjoying playing snakes and ladders, the child was keen to show their counting skills, so for the next session we developed on this with a game of frustration. The effectiveness of reflective practice I feel can only make me a stronger play worker and my setting a more supportive environment. As a play worker in my setting I understand that reflective practice is important as this is how we can improve things in our setting and also improve on a personal level to be consistent in giving the best care to all those who use my setting. Reflective practise is increasingly used as a way of improving services to children and their families. Reflective practice is like taking a mirror to what you and your setting are doing and considering how effective it is. This process is great not only to children and their families but also for me as a play worker personally. As a result of reflecting on your practice, play workers might decide to adapt a routine, activity or even approach towards an individual child.Reflecting on my practise could also result in me attending further training or doing additional courses. The setting should be providing a safe environment for all and being supportive of each individual child who attend and their family. When reflecting on practise it is worth while to stand back a little and notice what is being done in the setting to create the safe and supportive environment. By looking at all areas in which we care for children and reflecting on practice we are always improving on how we make the setting a safe environment for all who use it.To be effective in my practise is being willing to learn, I feel that by understanding the importance of a safe and supportive environment for children there is room for improvement, by continuing and not being complacent in my caring for each individual child. I must always be flexible in my working practise. Your impact on play and when it is/is not appropriate to intervene This links into freely chosen play and why it is not acceptable to intervene unless necessary during play. Play workers should know when and when it is not acceptable to intervene, for instants if a child is struggling or upset r a risk is to high then a play workers should stop being the facilitator and intervene. In most play scenes children will self directly choose how to carry on, end or change play. In our setting when it is tea time we have a system called 5 minutes, all children are aware of what this is. It is the process that we use so children can end play how they like and not have an adult intervene and annihilate play. A play worker intervening can sometimes put children off what they are doing and some times can bring positive to there play.In my setting I was observing a boy who was playing with the car mat and garage he was quite content and concentrating on his own play, I notice he was struggling to fit all his cars on one matt, so I got the other matt out of the cupboard and just gently walked past and placed it on the floor beside him then carried on walking. From the other side of the room I could see he was now much more happier as he could use more cars, I thought this was a good intervention style as I did not ruin play but intervening made him achieve a better outcome.